SELECT 
  option_type as type, 
  option_id 
FROM 
  cscart_product_options 
WHERE 
  option_id IN (187, 50, 52, 82)

Query time 0.00013

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_product_options",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "3",
      "used_key_parts": ["option_id"],
      "rows": 4,
      "filtered": 100,
      "attached_condition": "cscart_product_options.option_id in (187,50,52,82)"
    }
  }
}